Dermoid Cysts: What You Need to Know

Medically reviewed by
dr. Muhammad Ardianto Airlangga, SpOG

Dermoid cysts are a type of benign cyst that can appear in various locations throughout the body, including the ovaries. These cysts are intriguing due to their unique composition, often containing a variety of tissues such as hair, fat, and even teeth. While generally not harmful, dermoid cysts, particularly those formed in the ovaries, can present symptoms that require attention. Let’s explore dermoid cysts in depth, including their definition, causes, symptoms, as well as diagnostic approaches and treatments.

What is a Dermoid Cyst?

A dermoid cyst is a type of cyst formed from cells that are typically found in skin and embryonic tissues. These cells can produce various types of tissues, which is why these cysts often contain hair, fat, sebaceous glands, and sometimes teeth. Although dermoid cysts are benign, their growth can cause problems if they become large or infected. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), dermoid cysts can occur at any age and are usually harmless. However, monitoring their development is essential, especially if any disruptive symptoms arise.

Ovarian Dermoid Cyst

An ovarian dermoid cyst is a specific type of dermoid cyst that occurs in the ovaries. These cysts can develop in women of reproductive age and often do not present any symptoms. However, some women may experience pelvic pain, discomfort, or changes in their menstrual cycles.

Symptoms of Ovarian Dermoid Cysts

Ovarian dermoid cysts often do not exhibit symptoms, particularly when they are small. However, as these cysts grow or exert pressure on surrounding organs, certain symptoms may manifest. Possible symptoms associated with ovarian dermoid cysts include:

• Pelvic Pain: One of the most common symptoms is pelvic pain. Women with ovarian dermoid cysts often report varying degrees of pain, ranging from mild to severe, particularly during ovulation or menstruation. This pain is typically caused by hormonal changes affecting the ovaries and surrounding tissues.
• Changes in Menstrual Cycle: Dermoid cysts can influence a woman’s menstrual cycle. Some women may experience longer cycles, meaning the interval between periods becomes longer, or shorter cycles with more frequent periods. These changes may indicate an underlying ovarian disorder that requires medical attention.
• Feeling of Fullness or Heaviness in the Pelvic Area: Many women report a sensation of fullness or heaviness in the pelvic region. This can feel like constant pressure in the lower abdomen, potentially interfering with daily activities. This sensation often arises as the cyst enlarges.
• Pain During Intercourse: Some women may experience discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse, which can result from the cyst applying pressure to reproductive organs.
• Additional Symptoms: In some cases, a ruptured dermoid cyst can lead to sudden and intense pain, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or fever. These are medical emergency signs that require immediate attention.

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, especially severe pelvic pain or significant changes in your menstrual cycle, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Causes of Dermoid Cysts

The exact cause of dermoid cysts is not fully understood; however, it is believed that these cysts develop from embryonic tissues that do not fully mature. These cysts may be present at birth or develop as one ages. According to Healthline, genetic factors may also play a role in the development of dermoid cysts. Nonetheless, these cysts are not tumors and do not have the potential to become cancerous.

Diagnosis and Management of Dermoid Cysts

Diagnosing a dermoid cyst typically involves a physical examination and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans. If a cyst is detected and is asymptomatic, the doctor may recommend monitoring it over time. However, if the cyst grows large or causes problems, treatment may be necessary.

Management of dermoid cysts can include:

• Monitoring: If the cyst does not cause symptoms, the doctor may schedule regular check-ups.
• Surgery: If the cyst leads to symptoms or complications, surgical removal may be required.

Dermoid Cysts and Long-Term Health

Dermoid cysts are generally considered benign conditions with no associated cancer risk. According to the National Cancer Institute, dermoid cysts are not classified as cancer and do not have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Although these cysts typically do not cause long-term health issues, it is essential to remember that the size and location of the cyst can affect its interaction with surrounding tissues. Therefore, regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is highly recommended to ensure the cyst does not undergo significant changes.

Consultation with a medical professional is crucial, especially if symptoms arise or if the cyst grows. Routine examinations can help detect any changes that may occur and allow for timely management if needed. By maintaining reproductive health through a healthy lifestyle and open communication with doctors, women can better manage dermoid cysts, reduce health-related concerns, and sustain optimal quality of life.

Dermoid cysts are a condition that warrants attention, particularly if disruptive symptoms arise. Ovarian dermoid cysts can occur in women of reproductive age, and although most are harmless, proper monitoring is essential. If you experience unusual pelvic pain or changes in your menstrual cycle, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

For those undergoing fertility treatments or facing infertility issues, consider consulting with the professional obstetricians at Morula IVF Indonesia. This fertility clinic offers comprehensive and professional consultations. With over 26 years of experience, Morula IVF has a dedicated team of specialists committed to helping couples achieve a healthy pregnancy. For more information, you can contact or visit the official Morula IVF website to ask questions or schedule a consultation.

References:

• National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Dermoid Cyst. Retrieved October 14, 2024, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/dermoid-cyst
• Healthline. (2021). Dermoid Cysts: What You Need to Know. Retrieved October 14, 2024, from https://www.healthline.com/health/dermoid-cyst
• WebMD. (2023). Dermoid Cyst. Retrieved October 14, 2024, from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/sdermoid-cyst
• National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2020). Dermoid Cyst. In Bookshelf. Retrieved October 14, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560573/